Lung cancer is one of the most common and serious types of cancer worldwide. It occurs when abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably, leading to tumors that interfere with normal lung function. Early diagnosis and effective treatment significantly improve survival rates and quality of life.
NSCLC is the most common type, accounting for nearly 85% of lung cancer cases. It includes:
Adenocarcinoma: Common in non-smokers; starts in mucus-producing cells.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Linked to smoking; forms in airways.
Large Cell Carcinoma: A rare but aggressive form of lung cancer.
SCLC is less common but more aggressive, often linked to heavy smoking. It spreads rapidly and usually requires intensive treatment.
Several factors contribute to lung cancer development, including:
Smoking: The leading cause, responsible for nearly 80-90% of cases.
Exposure to Radon Gas & Pollutants: Environmental risks increase susceptibility.
Genetic Predisposition: A family history may heighten the risk.
Occupational Hazards: Exposure to carcinogens like asbestos can contribute.
Lung cancer symptoms often appear in later stages and include:
Persistent cough that worsens over time
Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
Shortness of breath and chest pain
Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing
Doctors diagnose lung cancer using imaging tests (CT scans, PET scans, X-rays), biopsies, and sputum cytology. Staging helps determine how far the cancer has spread:
Stage I: Cancer is localized in the lungs.
Stage II & III: The tumor has grown and possibly spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs (metastatic lung cancer).
Treatment depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Common options include:
Removes cancerous lung tissue if detected early.
Procedures include lobectomy, segmentectomy, or pneumonectomy.
Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
Often combined with chemotherapy or surgery for effectiveness.
Administers drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
Used in advanced stages or before/after surgery.
Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific genetic mutations in cancer cells (e.g., EGFR inhibitors).
Immunotherapy: Helps the body’s immune system fight cancer (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors).
Quit Smoking: The most effective way to lower lung cancer risk.
Avoid Exposure to Pollutants & Carcinogens: Protect against environmental hazards.
Healthy Diet & Exercise: Boosts immune function and reduces inflammation.
Regular Health Checkups: Early detection improves survival rates.
Lung cancer remains a serious health challenge, but advancements in treatment and early detection have significantly improved outcomes. Raising awareness, promoting research, and supporting affected individuals are key to fighting this disease effectively.
"Dr. Ravindra Chary provides expert pulmonary care with a focus on restoring healthy breathing and improving lives."
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