Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. Despite being curable, TB remains a significant global health concern. Understanding its symptoms, transmission, and treatment can help prevent its spread and ensure effective management.
TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It thrives in environments with poor ventilation and weak immune systems, making prevention essential.
Individuals have the bacteria in their body but do not show symptoms. They are not contagious but can develop active TB if their immune system weakens.
Symptoms appear, and the infection spreads to others. Without treatment, active TB can be life-threatening.
TB symptoms vary based on its location in the body, but common signs include:
Persistent cough lasting more than three weeks
Coughing up blood or mucus
Chest pain and difficulty breathing
Fever and night sweats
Fatigue and weakness
Unexplained weight loss
TB is diagnosed through skin tests, blood tests, chest X-rays, and sputum analysis. Once confirmed, treatment typically includes:
TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics, such as Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide, over six months or longer.
Adherence to the full treatment course is crucial to prevent drug-resistant TB.
Improper or incomplete treatment can lead to multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), requiring stronger medications and prolonged therapy.
BCG Vaccine: Provides partial protection against TB, particularly in children.
Good Hygiene: Covering the mouth while coughing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
Ventilation & Mask Usage: Reducing exposure in high-risk areas.
Tuberculosis remains a major public health concern, but early detection, proper treatment, and preventive measures can significantly reduce its spread. Raising awareness and ensuring timely medical intervention can save lives and improve global TB control efforts.
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